While the world is still processing and assimilating the surprise of Donald Trump As the new president of the United States, the world's newspapers are beginning to wonder what will be the fate of the Paris Agreement against climate change, ratified on November 4 of this year, the week before the North American elections.

The thing is that, throughout his history, the elected candidate has openly expressed his intention of not ratifying the commitment by the United States, if elected to the highest executive position.

His statements have become of such magnitude that on September 20 of this year, 376 members of the National Academy of Sciences of that country, of which 30 have been awarded the Nobel Prize; published an open letter to warn of the consequences of not adhering to the Paris Agreement, and in response to Trump's statements.

To leave no doubt, the third paragraph of the open letter signed by the group Responsible Scientist, states: “During the presidential primary campaign, it was claimed that the Earth is not warming, or that warming is due to purely natural causes beyond human control. "Such statements are inconsistent with reality."

As can be seen in the following graph, the trend of the last 50 years of carbon dioxide emissions (CO2) into the atmosphere is constantly increasing. This is explained not only by the population increase (in fact, the graph does not take that effect) but also by the intensity of energy use, and the relatively recent incorporation of coal-based energy sources; mainly promoted by countries in the Asia-Pacific sphere, especially China.

In this sense, the promotion and implementation of renewable energies within the energy matrix of the countries is one of the partial solutions that are being implemented to alleviate the problem of climate change. However, as can be seen in our report, these measures are insufficient.

The fact is that the edges of the problem are enormous. First, there is consensus in the scientific community that human-driven global warming is indeed a problem. However, the conclusions are still resisted by various sectors, who argue - on the contrary - that we are not dealing with a problem, but rather a myth or an exaggeration.

In relation to the above, the reduction of CO2 emissions by meeting objectives has consequences on the economies of the countries in the short term, which can translate into a lower rate of economic growth. In other words, the long-term solution becomes a short-term disincentive for any ruling party that wants to stay in power, regardless of its ideology.

From this perspective, the Paris Agreement emerges as an institutional solution that, among other objectives, contributes to reducing this disincentive, by converting the policy of reducing greenhouse gas emissions into a shared state policy. But the above leads to a new problem: coordination.

In game theory, it is called coordination failures when the non-cooperative interaction of two or more agents leads to a result that is not Pareto Optimal. In this context, the term non-cooperative refers to the interaction not being fully covered by a binding agreement. On the other hand, a ParatoOptimal outcome is one such that at least one of the agents would not prefer any other feasible outcome and would be preferred by at least any other.

Indeed, the temptation on the part of a country to behave like free raider (polizonte) is high: it accumulates the climate benefits derived from the CO2 reduction of other countries, while increasing its level of activity, based on polluting energies (but less expensive in accounting terms). He coordination problem arises, because no country is exempt from generating this conjecture, and acting accordingly. Likewise, neither in one treaty nor in the other has a framework been regulated that allows signatory countries to be sanctioned for not meeting the objectives. Thus, until now everything is left to the commitment and unilateral will of the parties.

Having raised the difficulties of the current scenario, we invite you to read our report on renewable energy. Unlike this article, the work does not address current political problems, but rather provides a state of the situation of the sector and its potential.

Thus, in the first section, the advances of these sources worldwide and the reasons for their growth are detailed; showing which are the most used generation sources worldwide, what resources are needed to take advantage of them and what policies have been used to promote renewable energies, and how they are justified from economic theory. On the other hand, in the second section, the current state of the sector in Argentina is explained, the conditions that limited its growth in recent decades and its prospects for future development.