The UNR Data Usina presented a report that accounts for the inequity between women and men. 72% of the household chores are performed by women and the wage gap is 32%.
On International Women's Day, the Universidad Nacional de Rosario sustains and reaffirms its contribution to making visible the gender inequalities present in the local and national reality.
The report "Gender inequality in numbers" shows with data the inequity between women and men in different areas, among them, the use of time and the distribution of household chores, the occupational situation and income gaps, access to social security, transportation, mobility in the city and records of gender violence.
In the Gran Rosario agglomerate 72% of domestic chores are performed by women without taking domestic service into account. “Although the pandemic made visible and put the importance of the care economy back on the agenda, as well as served as an alert about the effects that isolation and social distancing had on the burden of unpaid care tasks, even the greatest part of the tasks continues to be absorbed by the female gender”, the document describes.
And it highlights that the inequity in the distribution of these tasks by the female gender conditions their insertion in the labor market, as well as the time that these people dedicate to other tasks such as education, self-care, leisure, social participation and policy. In addition, since it is an unpaid activity, the unequal distribution also impacts the income gap received by women and men.
"The responsibility assigned to women in the face of unpaid tasks generates a conditioning materialized in the deprivation of the use of time, in obtaining fewer economic resources and, ultimately, in a lower quality of life," says the report.
occupational status
There is evidence of an improvement in the occupational situation in relation to the year 2020, with the crisis caused by COVID-19, but the gender gaps remain. In the first place, an increase in the activity and employment rate is identified, with a greater evolution in men. When studying the differences between the large age groups that make up the potentially active population, a greater asymmetry is observed between women and men of central age (from 30 to 59 years of age) than among the youngest (from 14 to 29 years). .
Women of central age have an activity rate 22 points lower than men, when the difference between those under 30 is 7 points. Among young women (under 30 years of age) the highest levels of unemployment and underemployment in the Gran Rosario agglomerate are observed.
The inequalities between men and women are also reflected in the average monetary income they earn for their work in the market. Thus, in the Great Rosary, the average income gap in the main occupation is 31,9% between men and women. "This disparity is equivalent to a ratio of 68 pesos earned by women for every 100 pesos obtained by men," the research explains.
Regarding access to social security, by May 2021, in the province of Santa Fe, 426.818 retirements were in force. Of these, 62,8% corresponded to women and 37,2% to men. “The significant coverage in the pension system for women is due to the implementation of pension inclusion plans that allowed access, through moratoriums, to almost 220 women (81,6% of all retired women), who otherwise they would not have retired.”
But the income gap is also reproduced in retirement assets, given that the average income of men is 34,3% higher than that of women.
Transport and mobility
According to the UNR Data Usina Report, the road space is a public space dominated by men. The data illustrate the male predominance in roles associated with driving in public spaces. Women predominantly rely on public transportation and non-motorized transit, such as walking and cycling.
Of the users of urban passenger transport in Rosario, 65% are women. Women have lower percentages of driver's licenses than men in all types of vehicles. Of the bicycle trips, it is estimated that only 30% are made by women. As for taxis, only 7% are female taxi licensed drivers.
Finally, the report shows the measurement of gender violence during the first month of the COVID 19 pandemic. "In those days, concern for women and dissidents under conditions of compulsory isolation was accentuated, taking into account that the Most of the acts of gender violence occur in the domestic sphere, doors inside the homes”.
To account for this reality, the figures linked to the records of gender violence during the first three periods of preventive and compulsory social isolation are presented. In total, 7602 records of violence were added in the cities of Rosario and Santa Fe between March 20 and April 27, 2020. If compared with the 10.622 records in the third quarter of 2019, it is possible to notice the increase in violent situations during Isolation.
The socioeconomic indicators were calculated based on the Permanent Household Survey (INDEC), the Social Security Bulletin for the province of Santa Fe (ANSES), Open Data of the City of Rosario (http://datos.rosario.gob. ar), Survey of Origin and Destination (National Secretariat of Transportation), Permanent Survey of Passengers of the Rosario Mobility Entity (EMR) and by the Unique Registry of Situations of Violence against Women (RUVIM – IPEC).
Journalist: Victoria Arrabal/Photographer: Camila Casero